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We study analytically the tracer particle mobility in single-file systems with distributed friction constants. Our system serves as a prototype for nonequilibrium, heterogeneous, strongly interacting Brownian systems. The long time dynamics for such a single-file setup belongs to the same universality class as the Rouse model with dissimilar beads. The friction constants are drawn from a density r
Temperature governs most biotic processes, yet we know little about how warming affects whole ecosystems. Here we examined the responses of 128 components of a subarctic grassland to either 5–8 or >50 years of soil warming. Warming of >50 years drove the ecosystem to a new steady state possessing a distinct biotic composition and reduced species richness, biomass and soil organic matter. However,
A model was developed which describes simultaneous reaction and internal diffusion for kinetically controlled, immobilized α-chymotrypsin-catalyzed, oligopeptide synthesis in acetonitrile medium. The model combines the equations that describe the intrinsic kinetics of four different reactions and the physical characteristics of three different support materials, as determined experimentally, to pr
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is one of the most fundamental molecules of life as it encodes the basic structure of every living entity, including us. Not only is DNA responsible for precisely describing every single aspect that makes us, it also directly affects the world around us. Indeed, unlocking the genetic code embedded in DNA already enabled us to create new diagnostics that allow us to det
We investigate the effects of organizational culture and personal values on performance under individual and team contest incentives. We develop a model of regard for others and in-group favoritism that predicts interaction effects between organizational values and personal values in contest games. These predictions are tested in a computerized lab experiment with exogenous control of both organiz
Studies have shown that all Swedish municipalities are involved in cooperation with other municipalities, and most frequent in soft forms like agreements. Often each municipality have full control of its activities and then join forces with others on the margin. However, in this chapter it is showed that this situation is undergoing a change. Municipalities facing new a new landscape are looking f
The chuck has, for a long time, been considered the weakest link of a lathe. This is mainly due to its two-fold connection, to the machine spindle on the one hand and to the workpiece on the other. An additional limitation of the chuck lies in the incomplete knowledge one has of the load it is exposed to during operation, which usually leads to a less than optimal machining process. Unless our und
In this work we study polycations as efficient compacting agents of a medium size polyanion by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The systems are characterized in terms of a conformational analysis in which shape, overall dimensions, structure factors, radial distribution functions, and the degree of accumulation of the compaction agent near the polyanion are taken into consideration. Results show
This paper, building on new archival research, presents the first comprehensive estimates of income inequality in Mexico before 1950. We use the social tables method of combining census information with group- level income data to reconstruct Mexican incomes and their distribution for four benchmark years, 1895, 1910, 1930 and 1940. The Gini coefficient for incomes is 0.48 in 1895, 0.47 in 1910, 0
The potential application of a 50 μm thick anion exchange membrane prepared based on poly(terphenyl piperidinium-co-trifluoroacetophenone) (PTPT) is investigated for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The PTPT exhibits a considerably lower vanadium permeation than Nafion 212. Therefore, the self-discharge duration of the VRFB based on PTPT is much longer than the VRFB based on Nafion 212. Besi
An efficient synthetic route to the mono-endo-6- and bis-endo,endo-6,12-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl derivatives of Tröger’s base (TB), endo-7 and endo-8, is reported. Studies of reaction time, proton source, and additive allowed establishment of optimized conditions for the conversion of exo-7 into the corresponding isomer endo-7. With a longer reaction time, the exo,exo-6,12 bis-carbamoyl derivative exo
Carbon emissions emanating from infrastructure construction are substantial, and public infrastructure clients have begun to include carbon reduction goals in their procurement requirements. This is a new and complex field where practices vary and are still developing. Based on project documentation and interviews we map and analyze the design and implementation of carbon reduction requirements in
How speech coding is used for visual material is critical to understanding the link between language and memory development. Using eye-tracking, the present study examined whether the number of syllables of pictured objects’ names, monosyllabic versus multisyllabic, predicts looking time at the stimuli-objects in the context of a memory task, thereby indicating verbal recoding. The children’s (N =
It is normally assumed that induced transitions, by e.g. hyperfine, magnetic field or spin interaction, arise due to mixing in the upper levels. In this paper we discuss an example when mixing in the lower levels through an externally applied magnetic field gives rise to a magnetic field induced transition. We discuss the theory for such a transition and give an example from Fe X, which is relevan
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the resource use of treating overactive bladder (OAB) patients in real-world clinical practice and to evaluate whether there is external validity in the treatment of OAB in clinical practice. Materials and methods: The study included 55 patients suffering from OAB and treated with BOTOX® at two Swedish clinics. The study was conducted as an anon
Orientation towards application, transdisciplinarity and social distribution are prominent ideas when policy prescribes how to conduct research on complex, real-world issues. Issues dealt with in ageing research are both epistemologically complex and politically contentious. By using the metaphor of ‘travelling ideas,' we have followed these ideas on their journey into 17 approved grant proposals
