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The liver is a critical organ for regulation of energy homeostasis and fatty liver disease is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance. We have previously found that lingonberries, blackcurrants and bilberries prevent, whereas açai berries exacerbate, the development of hepatic steatosis and obesity in the high-fat (HF)-fed C57BL/6J mouse model. In this follow-up study, we investigat

We present deep Very Large Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope observations of the nearest examples of Ca-rich 'gap' transients - rapidly evolving transient events, with a luminosity intermediate between novae and supernovae. These sources are frequently found at large galactocentric offsets, and their progenitors remain mysterious. Our observations find no convincing underlying quiescent sources

The oxygen-atom transfer reaction catalyzed by the mononuclear molybdenum enzyme dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) has attracted considerable attention through both experimental and theoretical studies. We show here that this reaction is more sensitive to details of quantum mechanical calculations than what has previously been appreciated Basis sets of at least triple-zeta quality are needed to

Several factors contribute to mycophenolic acid (MPA) between-patient variability. Here we characterize the metabolic pathways of MPA and quantify the effect of combining genetic polymorphism of multidrug-resistant-associated protein-2, demographics, biochemical covariates, co-medication (cyclosporine (CsA) vs. macrolides), and renal function on MPA, 7-O-MPA-glucuronide (MPAG), and acyl-glucuronid

Cell abundances and distributions of Alexandrium catenella resting cysts in recent sediments were studied along time at two locations in the Chilean Inland Sea exposed to different oceanographic conditions: Low Bay, which is much more open to the ocean than the more interior and protected Ovalada Island. The bloom began in interior areas but maximum cyst concentrations were recorded in locations m

The stem cell factor receptor/c-Kit plays an important physiological role in hematopoesis, melanogenesis and gametogenesis. It has also been implicated in numerous human malignancies. Signal transduction pathways shown to be of importance for c-Kit mediated transformation include the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. We have previously shown that two alternative splice forms of c-Kit, denoted GNNK- and GNNK

Complement is a key arm of the innate immune defenses against the pathogenic neisseriae. We previously identified lipooligosaccharide on Neisseria meningitidis as an acceptor for complement C4b. Little is known about other neisserial targets for complement proteins C3 and C4, which covalently attach to bacterial surfaces and initiate opsonization and killing. In this study we demonstrate that N. g

We compared the differences between spring and autumn in migration speed, fuelling rates and fuel loads of migrating Red Knots Calidris canutus. As a basis we used ringing data from Ottenby Bird Observatory, southeastern Sweden, collected 1948–2003, with morphometrical data from 1990–2003. Numbers ringed varied between 0 and 301 per year (average 56). Morphometrics, recoveries and recaptures of ri

Background/Aim: Viral respiratory infections are increasingly implicated in allergic exacerbations. Virus-induced activation of eosinophils through Toll-like receptors (TLRs) could be involved. The present study was designed to examine TLR3 expression in eosinophils from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) during symptomatic allergic rhinitis, and to evaluate the functional responsiveness o

Popular Abstract in Swedish Urininkontinens utgör ett stort socialt problem, framför allt hos den äldre befolkningen. Kliniskt är urininkontinens iakttaget i större omfattning hos kvinnor än hos män, men studier antyder männen är mer drabbade än vad nuvarande statistik gör gällande. Grundat på symptombild kan urininkontinens indelas i trängningsinkontinens, ansträngningsinkontinens samt överrinninNormal urine storage and bladder emptying are controlled by the central (CNS) as well as the peripheral nervous system. Dysfunction of these mechanisms can lead to urinary incontinence. Urinary tract dysfunctions have symptomatically been treated mainly with drugs acting peripherally. However, in the CNS, drug targets for pharmacological intervention may be found. The present study deals with effe

Popular Abstract in Swedish Olika sätt att mäta substrat (monosackarider) och produkter (främst etanol) vid tillverkning av biobränslet etanol har studerats. Etanoltillverkning sker i en fermentor med hjälp av mikroorganismer som kan omvandla socker. Det är av stort intresse att mäta koncentrationen av produkter och substrat under tillverkningsprocessens gång för att veta om den fortlöper som den Two different detection methods for on-line monitoring of substrates and products in ethanol fermentations have been studied. Amperometric biosensors were developed for use as detectors in flow injection or liquid chromatographic (LC) systems. Carbon paste was used as the electrode material and served as the supporting matrix to incorporate the enzymes alcohol oxidase or pyranose oxidase. Hydrogen

Popular Abstract in English Proteins are molecular machines of the human body which regulate all life sustaining processes such as energy production, communication, transport of essential molecules, defense against microbes, etc. They are built by small molecular units called amino acids, bound together like pearls on a necklace. Each amino acid consists of a common part and a unique side chain. TAnisotropic protein interactions have a strong orientation dependence resulting from an uneven distribution of charged and hydrophobic residues on the protein surface. They play an important role in protein behaviors such as protein association, surface adsorption and phase separation. In this thesis, we have studied the effect of anisotropic interactions on the behavior of various proteins mainly

Purpose of this paper The outcome of product development, i.e. the product design, together with the packaging solution, has a great impact on the logistics performance of supply chains. Despite this, packaging has traditionally been given a very modest role in the product development literature as well as in the logistics literature. The aim of this paper is to show how logistics performance an

Two 8-year-old Pinus radiata trees growing in a dry-land plantation forest were subjected to a partial shading treatment for 2 years in order to investigate the responses of photosynthesis and tree growth to a long-term reduction in illuminated leaf area. The lower 60% of the crown of shaded trees was surrounded by 50% neutral density shade cloth. This reduced radiation absorption by 13% for the t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Zeoliter är en grupp av kisel-aluminium-föreningar, med karaktäristiska kanalsystem inuti strukturen, som har fått stor användning inom många områden inom teknik och vetenskap. Zeoliternas viktigaste användningsområden är som torkmedel, som molekylsiktar, som jonbytare och som katalysatorer. Användningen av naturligt förekommande zeoliter är relativt liten jämfört med aA highly dealuminated form of zeolite FAU, ultra-stable zeolite Y (USY), was used as an adsorbent matrix in the purification of proteins. Undesired proteins were removed from a crude preparation by adsorption on USY, increasing the purity of an unadsorbed protein (horse radish peroxidase), or the protein of interest was adsorbed on the zeolite and subsequently eluted through changes in the solutio

Popular Abstract in Swedish Betydelsen av tryckinducerad syrgastransport hos övervattensväxter Min avhandling handlar om vikten av att syrgas transporteras till rötter och rhizom hos övervattensväxter som bladvass, kaveldun och säv. Syrgas behövs för cellandningen i alla växtdelar, och i synnerhet i rötterna då de växer fort och har hög ämnesomsättning. Övervattensväxter har rötterna i vattendränThis thesis examines factors regulating growth and distribution of emergent plants with focus on effects of oxygen supply to the roots. Greenhouse experiments revealed that P. australis acclimatizes to specific water depths with phenotypic plasticity. These phenotypic responses act to increase growth at specific water depths but may result in decreased tolerance to changed water depth. Oxygen nee

An ability to interact with plasminogen or plasmin could provide micro-organisms with a mechanism for invasion. Thus, group A, C and G streptococci secrete streptokinase which binds and activates plasminogen. Some streptococci also express surface structures which bind plasminogen without causing its activation. Plasminogen-binding surface proteins were extracted from one group C and one group G s

Background: Little is known regarding vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in African populations and in tuberculosis (TB) patients. VDD has been shown to be associated with TB. Objective: We aimed to compare the degree of vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) and VDD in TB patients and healthy adult controls in a West African population. Design: An unmatched case-control study was performed at a Demographic Survei