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Ensuring mobility after driving cessation is an important public health issue to prevent functional limitations, but this issue is still not fully understood in rural settings. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that being a non-driver and living alone is associated with a greater risk of sarcopenia among the community-dwelling elderly in rural Japanese areas. This study was conducte

We determine the composition dependence of the transverse and longitudinal optical infrared-active phonon modes in rhombohedral α-(AlxGa1-x)2O3 alloys by far-infrared and infrared generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry. Single-crystalline high quality undoped thin-films grown on m-plane oriented α-Al2O3 substrates with x = 0.18, 0.37, and 0.54 were investigated. A single mode behavior is observed

We report on terahertz (THz) electron paramagnetic resonance generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry (THz-EPR-GSE). Measurements of field and frequency dependencies of magnetic response due to spin transitions associated with nitrogen defects in 4H-SiC are shown as an example. THz-EPR-GSE dispenses with the need of a cavity, permits independently scanning field and frequency parameters, and does no

In order to satisfy the growing energy needs of our planet’s population, and at the same time mitigate global warming, sustainable energy sources such as solar energy are indispensable. In addition to conventional silicon-based solar cells, nanotechnology offers interesting approaches for complementary applications. Multi-junction solar cells based on III–V semiconductors hold today’s world-record

Objective: Stroke and carotid atherosclerosis are associated with dementia. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) reduces stroke risk, although its effect on later dementia is uncertain. Participants in the Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST-1), randomly allocated to immediate vs. deferral of CEA (i.e., no intervention unless or until triggered by ipsilateral transient ischaemic attack or stroke), we

We present a systematic comparison of four resins for nanoimprint intermediate polymer stamps, the standard IPS material, OrmoStamp and two new polymers GMN-PS90 (foil) and GMN-PS40 (liquid). The new polymers are based on acrylated silane and offer sufficiently high Young’s modulus and low shrinkage to provide good me­ chanical stability during the imprint process of well-separated structures. No

Herein, the secondary electron emission (SEE) from 1D nanomaterials in the form of nanorods is investigated. The small beam of a 1.5 MeV +H2 hydrogen with a sub 70 nm in diameter allows studying the SEE with a very high resolution. A wide range of nanomaterials from various laboratories are studied, including thin ZnO and ZnO/GaN nanostructures grown on 1 μm thick Si3N4 membranes and thick InP, Ga

Red blood cell (RBC) shape change under static and dynamic shear stress has been a source of interest for at least 50 years. High-speed time-lapse microscopy was used to observe the rate of deformation and relaxation when RBCs are subjected to periodic shear stress and deformation forces as they pass through an obstacle. We show that red blood cells are reversibly de-formed and take on characteris

Background Does the genetic aptitude for educational attainment (GAEA) moderate the genetic risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and drug use disorder (DUD)? Methods In the native Swedish population, born 1960-1980 and followed through 2017 (n = 1 862 435), the family genetic risk score (FGRS) for AUD and DUD and GAEA were calculated from, respectively, the educational attainment and risk for AUD a

The association between having a sibling diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk for suicide attempt may be attributable to shared genetic liability between AUD and suicidal behavior, effects of environmental exposure to a sibling’s AUD, or both. To distinguish between these alternatives, we conducted a series of Cox regression models using data derived from Swedish population-based reg

Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a very common condition in the primary healthcare settings. Few studies have investigated whether sociodemographic factors are related to UI. This nationwide study aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between sociodemographic factors and UI in women. Methods: A nationwide open cohort study included 2,044,065 women aged 15–50 years. Several n

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are industrial chemicals resistant to degradation and have been shown to have adverse effects on reproductive health in wildlife and humans. Although regulations have reduced their levels, they are still ubiquitously present and pose a global concern. Here, we studied a cohort of 185 women aged 21–43 years with a median of 2 years of infertility who were seekin

Helical edge states of two-dimensional topological insulators show a gap in the density of states (DOS) and suppressed conductance in the presence of ordered magnetic impurities. Here we will consider the dynamical effects on the DOS and transmission when the magnetic impurities are driven periodically. Using the Floquet formalism and Green's functions, the system properties are studied as a funct

Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been identified as a strong risk factor for suicide attempt. However, few studies have considered protective factors that may moderate this association, such as resilience. Methods: We used longitudinal nationwide Swedish data of 903,333 males born 1960–1980 and 48,285 males born 1949–1951. We performed Cox proportional hazards models to test the role o

Aims: To compare the prevalence of facial pain and headache across various regions in Sweden. Methods: This study involved a comparison of cross-sectional questionnaire studies over a period of 10 years including 128,193 individuals and assessed facial pain, pain on function, and headache. Participants included (1) all Public Dental Service patients aged 16 to 90 years in Västerbotten (n = 57,283)

We present a study of the optical properties of various steps in the process of fabricating micro light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) based on quantum wells embedded in micron-sized InGaN platelets. In this study, we focus on structures for red emission, but the technology is equally suitable for the less technologically challenging blue and green emitting μ-LEDs. The starting point is growth of an InG

So far, the semiconductor nanowire research area has mainly delivered results on growth procedures and related material properties. As the development lately has been successful in producing novel nanowire-based structures for optical or electronic applications, the time is ripe to review the device work that has been done and in some cases has produced devices ready for the market. In this chapte

The guided gliding of cytoskeletal filaments, driven by biomolecular motors on nano/microstructured chips, enables novel applications in biosensing and biocomputation. However, expensive and time-consuming chip production hampers the developments. It is therefore important to establish protocols to regenerate the chips, preferably without the need to dismantle the assembled microfluidic devices wh

We report on experimental detection of the spin-orbit interaction field in an InAs nanowire double quantum dot device. In the spin blockade regime, leakage current through the double quantum dot is measured and is used to extract the effects of spin-orbit interaction and hyperfine interaction on spin state mixing. At finite magnetic fields, the leakage current arising from the hyperfine interactio

Heterostructures of pentacene (PEN) and buckminsterfullerene (C 60 ) are frequently attracting scientific interest as a well-defined small-molecule model system for the study of internal interfaces between two organic semiconductors. They are prototypical representatives forming a donor-acceptor combination for studies of fundamental optoelectronic processes in organic photovoltaics. Despite thei