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This study applies Closed-Loop Combustion Control (CLCC) using Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) and cylinder balancing using variable lambda to solve the problem. Step changes of set points for combustion phasing, Compression Ratio (CR), and load together with ramps of engine speed and inlet air temperature are investigated. Performances of the controllers are investigated by running the engine at

Objectives: This review aims to provide practising clinicians with the most recent knowledge of the biological nature of prostate cancer (PC) to facilitate investigation of new treatment modalities for patients with PC, especially the hormone-refractory state of the disease. Methods: Review of the literature using PubMed search and scientific journal publications. Results: Much progress has been m

Very heavy elements (Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, and Bi) are found to be enhanced inthe atmospheres of the chemically peculiar stars of the upper mainsequence by up to a million times the solar system levels. Suchenhancements are believed to result from atmospheric dynamics (i.e.,diffusion) rather than scenarios that dredge up nuclear-processedmaterial to the surface or transfer processed material between bin

EXAFS and vibrational spectra of acetone solutions of zinc and lead(II) ethylxanthate have been recorded in order to correlate structural data with absorption bands in the mid-infrared region. Two ethylxanthate ions are monodentately coordinated to both zinc and lead(II) in acetone solution. Two acetone molecules are weakly coordinated to zinc to complete a tetrahedral configuration round zinc, wh

It is shown that the numbers of high level crossings by p dependent stationary Gaussian processes have asymptotically independent Poisson distributions if the observation interval and the height of the level increase in a coordinated way. The processes may be highly correlated, even linearly dependent.

Inom psykologins ämnesområde finns en växande tendens till att ett nytt forskningsfält kring politisk psykologi håller på att etableras i kontakt med den internationella forskningen. Informella nätverk finns även i Sverige. Av relevans för demokratibegreppet förekommer i Sverige forskning inom socialpsykologi, arbets- och organisationspsykologi, rättspsykologi och kognitiv psykologi. Forskningen k

A method for detecting body position changes that uses the surface vectorcardiogram (VCG) is presented. Such changes are often manifested as sudden shifts in the electrical axis of the heart and can erroneously be interpreted as acute ischaemic events. Axis shifts were detected by analysing the rotation angles obtained from the alignment of successive VCG loops to a reference loop. Following the r

Popular Abstract in Swedish Två riskanalysmetoder presenteras med vilka risken för personskador till följd av brand kan uppskattas. Metoderna, standard QRA (Quantitative Risk Analysis) och utökad QRA skiljer sig åt varigenom osäkerheter i ingående variabler behandlas. Osäkerheter ingår i princip i alla variabler och måste behandlas på något rationellt sätt. Standard QRA-metoden förutsätter att en Two Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) methods are presented which can be used to quantify the risk to occupants in, for example, a building in which a fire has broken out. The extended QRA considers the inherent uncertainty in the variables explicitly. The standard QRA does not consider the uncertainties in the variables and must be complemented by a sensitivity analysis or an uncertainty analysis.

This paper considers off-line optimization of a switching sequence fora given finite set of linear control systems, together with joint optimization ofcontrol laws. A linear quadratic full information criterion isoptimized and dynamic programming is used to find an optimalswitching sequence and control law. The main result is a method forefficient pruning of the search tree to avoid combinatoric e

The aim of this thesis was to identify novel potential drug targets of cardiovascular disease with a focus on G-protein coupled receptors. We identified a common genetic variant of the ATP receptor P2Y11, where an alanine is substituted with a threonine at position 87 of the P2Y11 receptor that increases the risk of developing acute myocardial infarction. Also, the Thr-87 variant of P2Y11 is asso

Background: Oxidation of LDL is associated with generation of autoantibodies against a large number of different aldehyde-modified peptide sequences in apo B-100. Autoantibodies recognizing peptide sequences in the LDL receptor-binding region of apo B-100 could potentially affect both cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to determine physiological effects of

Anthraldehyde acetals can be introduced regioselectively to carbohydrates in high yields. Advantages over conventional acetal protecting groups are increased crystallinity and strong absorbance and fluorescence which facilitate purification and reaction monitoring. The anthraldehyde acetals can be deprotected selectively in the presence of benzylidene acetals and can be cleaved regioselectively to

Fifty eight enterococcal isolates from wild herbivores were tested for their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and lectin-like binding of extracellular matrix (ECM) and serum proteins. Kanamycin resistance was very frequent; many multiresistant strains were also isolated. All isolates were sensitive to rifampicin. Resistance to gentamicin, novobiocin, and tetracycline was widely distributed in the mi

We examinedfactors that may influence the development of arm lymphedema following breast cancer treatment including the specific mode of therapy, patient occupation and life style. Medical record data and a questionnaire were used to collect information after surgery concerning such issues as wound seroma, infection, adjuvant treatment, vessel string (phlebitis), body mass index, smoking habits an

The Siberian Jay (Perisoreus infaustus) lives in resident, territorial family groups outside the breeding season, but does not breed cooperatively. Thereby it offers an opportunity to study the evolution of territorial group living, without confounding effects of reproductive cooperation. During a long-term study in Finland 1974-2000, we observed Siberian Jay group composition in autumn. Using mic

Methyl beta-D-galactoside was converted to the corresponding 3,4-O-stannylene acetal, which was selectively benzylated with 3-iodobenzyl bromide and coupled to a polymer-bound propargylic ether via a Sonogashira reaction. The polymer-bound carbohydrate substrate was cleaved from the resin with different carbon nucleophiles in a cobalt-mediated Nicholas reaction. The product 3-O-alkynylbenzyl galac

The quality of food eaten by larval insects will affect traits such as gamete production, fat reserves, muscle bulk and body size in the adult. Moreover, larvae also depend on high moisture content in the diet for survival. The almond moth (Ephestia cautella) (W.) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) does not feed as an adult although it continues to drink water. We tested the idea that an almond moth could c